We observed that while Abrahamic monotheisms (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam) recognize dreams as a way to communicate with God to understand the present and predict the future, the traditional Indian religions (Buddhism and Hinduism) are more engaged in cultivating self-awareness, thus developed specific techniques to induce LD and witnessing sleep. Here we reviewed how these religions interpret dreams, LD and other conscious states during sleep. In the nineteenth century, some branches of the Spiritism religion argue that LD precedes out-of-body experiences during sleep.
The Christian theologian Augustine of Hippo (354–430 AD) mentions LD as a kind of preview of the afterlife, when the soul separates from the body. In the Islamic sacred scriptures, LD is regarded as a mental state of great value, and a special way for the initiated to reach mystical experiences. In the Buddhist tradition, Tibetan monks have been practicing the “Dream Yoga,” a meditation technique that instructs dreamers to recognize the dream, overcome all fears when lucid, and control the oneiric content. Hindus’ manuscripts dating back over 2,000 years ago, for example, divide consciousness in waking, dreaming (including LD), and deep sleep. Lucid dreaming (LD) began to be scientifically studied in the last century, but various religions have highlighted the importance of LD in their doctrines for a much longer period. 5Biophysics and Pharmacology Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.4The Sleep and Dream Database – Portland, OR, United States.3Onofre Lopes University Hospital – Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.2Physiology and Behavior Department – Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.1Brain Institute – Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.Mota-Rolim 1,2,3*†, Kelly Bulkeley 4†, Stephany Campanelli 5, Bruno Lobão-Soares 5, Draulio B.
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